First-generation college students — those whose parents did not earn a four-year college or university degree — represent a vibrant and growing population in US Higher Education (HE). These students bring unique perspectives, determination, and resilience to college campuses, yet they often encounter distinct challenges that can hinder their ability to thrive academically and personally. Although they now make up a third of all college students, only 27% of first-gen students will attain their degrees within four years.

HE professionals play a pivotal role in creating environments where first-generation students can flourish. Here, we explore the barriers these students face, strategies for overcoming those obstacles, and the strengths they contribute to our campuses. Fostering a culture where every first-generation student can succeed will create a better campus for everyone.

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Understanding the Challenges

First-generation students often face challenges that begin with academic preparedness – namely, the academic and practical knowledge needed to succeed at college. Many have attended lower-performing Pre-K-12 schools that lack resources or advanced placement opportunities, leaving them less exposed to college-level skills and coursework. The transition to Higher Education can therefore feel overwhelming, particularly when compounded by the steep learning curve of navigating an unfamiliar academic system. Consequently, these students may find themselves working harder to catch up, which can take a toll on their confidence and performance.

Financial barriers also loom large for first-gen students. Many lack guidance on the complexities of financial aid; according to a study done by the Pell Institute, only 27% of first-generation students receive assistance from their parents in completing financial aid forms, compared to 57% of students with college-educated parents. Without this knowledge, some students take on excessive debt or juggle multiple jobs to cover their expenses, often at the expense of their studies. Furthermore, the pressures of financial insecurity can exacerbate feelings of being out of place in a system that may seem designed for others.

Navigating the cultural expectations and social climate of college can present additional hurdles. Institutions often operate with their own unique language, norms, and structures that may be unfamiliar to students who are the first in their families to attend. Tasks like registering for classes, communicating with professors, or accessing campus resources may feel intimidating or opaque. Moreover, many of the social elements of college are based in tradition, such as Greek life, which can alienate first-generation students from their peers. These challenges are compounded by the isolating effects of imposter syndrome, which makes students question their place on campus and doubt their ability to succeed.

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What’s Working: Successful Strategies Across Higher Education

Colleges and universities across the sector are stepping up with innovative strategies to help first-generation students succeed. At the heart of these efforts is a commitment to building inclusive, welcoming environments. From dedicated student centers to campus-wide celebrations of first-gen student achievements, institutions are increasingly creating spaces where these students feel valued and supported.

Tailored academic and career support is another game-changer. Universities are connecting first-gen students with mentors – whether peers, faculty, or staff – who can guide them through challenging moments like choosing courses, planning degrees, or launching careers. Workshops that boost academic confidence and skills are adding another layer of support, ensuring students have what they need to thrive.

Financial literacy programs are making a big difference, too. By teaching students how to navigate aid applications, manage budgets, and handle finances, these initiatives reduce economic stress and let students focus on the true purpose of college: education. Meanwhile, training for faculty and staff fosters a more inclusive classroom culture, helping educators better understand and address the unique needs of first-gen students.

Together, these efforts signal a growing, sector-wide commitment to first-generation success. With a focus on inclusivity, academic growth, and financial empowerment, colleges are paving the way for first-gen students to not just survive college life, but truly thrive.

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Peer and Community Support

Peer mentorship programs have proven to be a powerful tool in helping first-generation students build confidence and connections. Pairing first-year students with upperclassmen who have successfully navigated similar challenges provides relatable guidance and emotional support. These opportunities help students feel more anchored and less isolated in their new environment while building genuine relationships

Community engagement opportunities also strengthen the sense of belonging for first-gen students. Participation in volunteer programs, student organizations, or campus events helps students build social networks and develop a connection to campus life. Institutions that include families in orientation programs or events can further bridge the gap between first-gen students and the college experience. By educating families about what to expect, institutions empower students to seek support without feeling isolated from their loved ones.

Celebrating Strengths and Resilience

Too often, the narrative surrounding first-generation students focuses on deficits rather than strengths. However, these students bring a wealth of resilience, determination, and unique perspectives to their college experiences. Many juggle their studies with significant responsibilities at home or work, honing time management and problem-solving skills that set them apart. Their ability to adapt and persevere in the face of challenges is an invaluable asset to communities on campus and beyond.

Highlighting stories of successful first-generation alumni can inspire current students and shift perceptions. For example, Sonia Sotomayor, a first-generation student who became a Supreme Court Justice, has spoken about the importance of perseverance and the support systems that helped her succeed. Stories like hers remind students and educators alike of the transformative power of education and resilience.

Conclusion

First-generation students are trailblazers who enrich campuses with diversity, determination, and fresh perspectives. HE professionals have a moral and professional responsibility to create systems and cultures that empower them to succeed. By addressing academic, financial, and social barriers – and celebrating the unique strengths these students bring – we can help them thrive and ensure a brighter future for all.

As educators, advisors, and institutional leaders, the call to action is clear: reflect on your practices, identify areas for improvement, and champion initiatives that uplift first-generation students. Together, it’s possible to transform challenges into stepping stones for success.

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FAQs

1. What are the biggest challenges first-generation students face in Higher Education?
   First-generation students often encounter academic preparedness gaps, financial barriers, and difficulty navigating the cultural norms of Higher Education. Many also experience imposter syndrome and a lack of support systems, which can lead to feelings of isolation and self-doubt. These challenges can affect their academic performance and college experience if left unaddressed.
2. What strategies are most effective in helping first-generation students succeed?
   Effective strategies include creating inclusive environments through dedicated student centers and events, providing tailored academic and career advising, offering financial literacy programs, and training faculty and staff to support first-generation students. Peer mentorship programs and family engagement initiatives are also powerful tools for fostering community and belonging.
3. What strengths do first-generation students bring to Higher Education?
   First-generation students often bring exceptional resilience, a strong work ethic, and unique perspectives shaped by their experiences. Many are skilled at juggling responsibilities, solving problems, and adapting to new environments. Their presence enriches campus communities and contributes to the diversity of thought and experience in Higher Education.